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Trading Definitions

Common key words in Futures trading & their definition

Updated over a month ago

1. General Trading Terms

  • Market:
    A place where people buy and sell financial instruments like stocks, bonds, or commodities (like oil or wheat).

  • Trader:
    A person who buys and sells financial instruments, hoping to make a profit.

  • Broker:
    A person or firm that acts as a middleman between a buyer and seller in financial markets. Traders often use brokers to execute their trades.

  • Order:
    Instructions a trader gives to a broker or a trading platform to buy or sell a financial instrument.


2. Futures Contracts

  • Futures Contract:
    A legal agreement to buy or sell a commodity or financial asset at a fixed price at a future date. Traders use futures to speculate on the price movement of assets like oil, gold, or stock indexes.

  • Commodity:
    Raw materials or agricultural products like oil, gold, or wheat that are traded in futures contracts.

  • Contract Expiration:
    The specific date when a futures contract must be settled. By this date, the buyer agrees to purchase and the seller agrees to deliver the asset.

  • Settlement:
    The process of fulfilling the terms of a futures contract. This can happen through either delivering the physical commodity or making a cash payment based on the contract's value.


3. Trading Orders

  • Limit Order:
    An order to buy or sell a financial instrument at a specific price or better. A limit order ensures that you won't pay more (or sell for less) than the set price, but it doesn't guarantee the trade will happen.

  • Market Order:
    An order to buy or sell a financial instrument at the current available market price. This ensures the trade happens immediately, but the exact price may vary.

  • Stop Order (Stop Loss):
    An order that automatically sells a financial instrument when its price reaches a certain level. It is used to limit losses.


4. Risk Management

  • Risk:
    The chance of losing money on a trade. Risk is part of trading, and traders often use strategies to minimize it.

  • Margin:
    The amount of money a trader needs to deposit with a broker to open and maintain a futures contract. Margin acts as a form of security.

  • Stop-Loss:
    A pre-set price at which a trader's position will automatically be closed to prevent further losses. It helps manage risk.


5. Market Conditions

  • Volatility:
    How much the price of a financial instrument moves up or down in a given time period. Higher volatility means larger price changes, while lower volatility means smaller price changes.

  • Liquidity:
    How easily a financial instrument can be bought or sold without causing a significant price change. Highly liquid markets, like major stock markets, have lots of buyers and sellers. Low liquidity markets can be harder to trade without price movements.

  • Bull Market:
    A market condition where prices are rising or are expected to rise, leading traders to buy.

  • Bear Market:
    A market condition where prices are falling or are expected to fall, leading traders to sell.


6. Platforms and Tools

  • Trading Platform:
    Software or an online service that traders use to place trades, track markets, and manage their accounts.

  • Rithmic:
    A popular trading platform used by futures traders, known for its fast data and execution speeds.

  • Trade Copier:
    A tool that automatically replicates trades from one account to another, often used to manage multiple trading accounts simultaneously.


7. Trading Evaluation Process

  • Account Evaluation:
    The initial phase where traders must prove their skills by reaching profit targets while following risk management rules.

  • Profit Target:
    The specific amount of profit a trader must achieve during the evaluation phase to be approved for a funded account.

  • Max Loss:
    The maximum amount of money a trader is allowed to lose during the evaluation phase or when trading a funded account.


8. Miscellaneous

  • Daily Limit (Limit Up/Down):
    The maximum price movement allowed in one day for a futures contract. When this limit is reached, trading can halt temporarily.

  • Slippage:
    The difference between the expected price of a trade and the actual price at which it is executed. This often happens in fast-moving or low-liquidity markets.

  • Stop-Out Level:
    The level at which your account is automatically closed by the broker due to insufficient funds or too much loss.

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